Efek Temperature Humidity Index terhadap Konsumsi Air Minum dan Performans Ayam Kampung Super dengan Pemberian Enkapsulasi Fitobiotik Minyak Buah Merah
Effect of Temperature Humidity Index on Drinking Water Consumption and Performance of Super Native Chickens by Addition of Phytobiotics Red Fruit Oil Encapsulation
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Published:
Jan 2, 2022
Keywords:
Ayam kampung super Enkapsulasi Fitobiotik Temperature humidity index
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Abstract
Ayam kampung super merupakan salah satu ayam kampung yang ditingkatkan performannya dengan perkawinan silang. Akan tetapi, perkawinan silang tidak serta merta memperbaiki performan. Ada beberapa hal lain yang mempengaruhi performan yaitu lingkungan dan feed additive. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Temperature Humidity Index dan pemberian enkapsulasi fitobiotik minyak buah merah terhadap konsumsi air minum dan performans ayam kampung super. Materi yang digunakan adalah alat ekstraksi, alat dan bahan enkapsulasi, buah merah, kandang individu dan ayam kampung super serta pakan starter. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan dengan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 56 hari dengan Temperature Humidity Index yaitu 24,44 - 35,21 oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan enkapsulasi buah merah tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi air minum (P>0,05), konsumsi pakan (P>0,05), feed conversion ratio (P>0,05) dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan bobot badan (P<0,05). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kondisi lingkungan dilokasi penelitian (Papua) relatif ekstrim dilihat dari selisih THI. Selain itu, berdasarkan uji lanjut bahwa penambahan enkapsulasi fitobiotik minyak buah merah terhadap penambahan bobot badan menghasilkan perlakuan terbaik pada penambahan 2,5% enkapsulasi minyak buah merah.
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Kartikasari, L.R. (2000) ‘Kinerja, Perlemakan dan Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler yang Mendapatkan Mendapatkan Suplementasi Metionin pada Pakan Berkadar Protein Rendah’, Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Kogoya, D. et al. (2019) ‘PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ ADDITIVE †DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER’, Zootec, 39(1), pp. 82–92.
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Qurniawam, A., Arief, I. I. and Afnan, R. (2016) ‘Performans Produksi Ayam Pedaging pada Lingkungan Pemeliharaan dengan Ketinggian yang Berbeda di Sulawesi Selatan’, Jurnal Veteriner, 17(4), pp. 622–633. doi: 10.19087/jveteriner.2016.17.4.622.
Rahayu, B. W. I., Widodo, A. E. P. and Sarunggalo, R. (2010) ‘Penampilan Pertumbuhan Ayam Persilangan Kampung dan Bangkok’, Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan, 5(2), pp. 77–81.
Roreng, M. K., Palupi, N. S. and Prangdimurti, E. (2014) ‘Carotenoids From Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) Extract Are Bioavailable : A Study In Rats’, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), 4(2), pp. 11–16. doi: 10.9790/3013-040203011-16.
Skomorucha, I. and Sosnowka-Czajka, E. (2013) ‘Effect of water supplementation with herbal extracts on broiler chicken welfare’, Annals of Animal Science, 13(4), pp. 849–857. doi: 10.2478/aoas-2013-0057.
Sukmawati et al. (2015) ‘Penampilan dan komposisi fisik karkas ayam kampung yang diberi jus daun pepaya terfermentasi dalam ransum komersial’, Majalah Ilmu Peternakan, 18(2), pp. 39–43. Available at: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/mip/article/view/18757.
Sulistyoningsih, M. (2004) Respon Fisiologis dan Tingkah Laku Ayam Broiler Periode Starter Akibat Cekaman Temneratur dan Awal Pemberian Pakan Yang Berbeda (Physiological and …. Tesis. Universitas Diponegoro.
Sundari et al. (2014) ‘The Effect Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extracts in Rations on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens’, Animal Production, 16(2), pp. 107–113.
Surono, I. S. et al. (2008) ‘Indonesian Biodiversities,from Microbes to Herbal Plants as Potential Functional Foods’, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University, 44(1), pp. 23–27.
Swain, P. S. et al. (2016) ‘Nano zinc , an alternative to conventional zinc as animal feed supplement : A review’, Animal Nutrition. Elsevier Ltd, 2(3), pp. 134–141. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.003.
Syaefullah, B. L. et al. (2019) ‘INCOME OVER FEED COST PADA AYAM KAMPUNG YANG DIBERI NANOENKAPSULASI MINYAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus) VIA WATER INTAKE’, Jurnal Triton, 10(2), pp. 54–61. Available at: https://jurnal.polbangtanmanokwari.ac.id/index.php/jt/article/view/49.
Tao, X. and Hin, H. (2003) ‘Acute Synergistic Effects of Air Temperature , Humidity , and Velocity on Homeostasis of Market- Size Broilers’, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 46(2), pp. 491–497.
Timur, V. et al. (2020) ‘Mortalitas dan Profil Organ Dalam Ayam Kampung yang diberi Fitobiotik Nanoenkapsulasi Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus)’, Jurnal Triton, 11(1), pp. 16–23. doi: 10.47687/jt.v11i1.104.
Triawan, A., Sudrajat, D. and Anggraeni (2013) ‘Performa Ayam Broiler Yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Neraca Kation Anion Ransum Yang Berbeda’, Jurnal Pertanian, 4(2), pp. 73–81.
Windisch, W. et al. (2008) ‘Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry’, Journal of Animal Science, 86(14), pp. E140–E148. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459.
Winedar, H., Listyawati, S. and Sutarno (2006) ‘Daya Cerna Protein Pakan , Kandungan Protein Daging , dan Pertambahan Berat Badan Ayam Broiler setelah Pemberian Pakan yang Difermentasi dengan Effective Microorganisms-4 ( EM-4 )’, Bioteknologi, 3(1), pp. 14–19. doi: 10.13057/biotek/c030103.
Woro, I. D., Atmomarsono, U. and Muryani, R. (2019) ‘Pengaruh Pemeliharaan pada Kepadatan Kandang yang Berbeda Terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler’, Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 14(4), pp. 418–423. doi: 10.31186/jspi.id.14.4.418-423.
Yuliana, Nuraini and Indi, A. (2017) ‘Penampilan Produksi Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Jamu Ternak Melalui Air Minum’, Jitro, 4(2), pp. 25–32.
Budi, I. M. and Paimin, F. R. (2005) Buah Merah. Penebar Swadaya. Available at: https://scholar.google.co.id/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=2005&cites=7330168443510607575&scipsc&q=budi+dan+paimin&btnG (Accessed: 29 November 2020).
Cooper, M. A. and Washburn, K. W. (1998) ‘The Relationships of Body Temperature to Weight Gain , Feed Consumption , and Feed Utilization in Broilers Under Heat Stress 1’, Poultry Science, 77(1), pp. 237–242. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/PS%2F77.2.237.
Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P. et al. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Faktor Lingkungan terhadap Produktivitas Telur Ayam Kampung Unggulan Balitbangtan (KUB) Fase Layer’, Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 3(2), pp. 166–172. doi: 10.20473/jmv.vol3.iss2.2020.166-172.
Eugene, M. E. (1992) ‘Poultry Science’, Interstate Publisher.
Esfanjani, A. F. and Jafari, S. M. (2016) ‘Biopolymer nano-particles and natural nano-carriers for nano-encapsulation of phenolic compounds’, Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. Elsevier B.V., 146(1), pp. 532–543. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.06.053.
Fitro, R., Sudrajat, D. and Dihansih, E. (2015) ‘Performa Ayam Pedaging yang Diberi Ransum Komersial Mengandung Tepung Ampas Kurma sebagai Pengganti Jagung’, Jurnal Peternakan Nusantara, 1(1), pp. 1–8.
Gaskins, H. R., Collier, C. T. and Anderson, D. B. (2002) ‘Antibiotics as Growth Promotants: Mode of Action’, Animal Biotechnology, 12(1), pp. 29–42. doi: 10.1081/ABIO-120005768.
Gates, R. S. et al. (1995) ‘Regional variation in temperature humidity index for poultry housing’, Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 38(1), pp. 197–205. doi: 10.13031/2013.27830.
Gheisar, M. M. and Kim, I. H. (2018) ‘Phytobiotics in poultry and swine nutrition – a review’, Italian Journal of Animal Science. Informa Healthcare USA, Inc, 17(1), pp. 92–99. doi: 10.1080/1828051X.2017.1350120.
Grashorn, M. A. (2010) ‘Use of phytobiotics in broiler nutrition - an alternative to infeed antibiotics ?’, Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 19(1), pp. 338–347.
Gunawan and Sihombing, D. T. H. (2004) ‘Pengaruh Suhu Lingkungan Tinggi terhadap Kondisi Fisiologis dan Produktivitas Ayam Buras’, Wartazoa, 14(1), pp. 31–38.
Jumardin, Nafiu, L. O. and Rahman (2020) ‘Diversity of Body Weight and Body Sizes Super Village Chicken’, 2(1), pp. 44–52. doi: DOI http://dx.doi.org.10.337772/ijaas.v2i2.
Kartikasari, L.R. (2000) ‘Kinerja, Perlemakan dan Kualitas Daging Ayam Broiler yang Mendapatkan Mendapatkan Suplementasi Metionin pada Pakan Berkadar Protein Rendah’, Tesis, Universitas Gadjah Mada.
Kogoya, D. et al. (2019) ‘PENAMBAHAN DAUN GEDI (Abelmoschus Manihot (L) Medik) SEBAGAI “ ADDITIVE †DALAM AIR MINUM DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PERFORMANS AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER’, Zootec, 39(1), pp. 82–92.
Li, P. et al. (2012) ‘Effects of adding essential oil to the diet of weaned pigs on performance, nutrient utilization, immune response and intestinal health’, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 25(11), pp. 1617–1626. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12292.
Ollong, A. R., Wihandoyo and Erwanto, Y. (2012) ‘Penampilan Produksi Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus Lam.) Pada Aras yang Berbeda’, Buletin Peternakan, 36(1), pp. 14–18.
Panda, A. K. et al. (2006) ‘Quantification of Karanjin , Tannin and Trypsin Inhibitors in Raw and Detoxified Expeller and Solvent Extracted Karanj ( Pongamia glabra ) Cake’, Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 19(12), pp. 1776–1783.
Purswell, J. L. et al. (2012) ‘Effect of Temperature-Humidity Index on Live Performance in Broiler Chickens Grown From 49 To 63 Days of Age’, in ASABE Conference. Spain: ASABE, pp. 1–9.
Qurniawam, A., Arief, I. I. and Afnan, R. (2016) ‘Performans Produksi Ayam Pedaging pada Lingkungan Pemeliharaan dengan Ketinggian yang Berbeda di Sulawesi Selatan’, Jurnal Veteriner, 17(4), pp. 622–633. doi: 10.19087/jveteriner.2016.17.4.622.
Rahayu, B. W. I., Widodo, A. E. P. and Sarunggalo, R. (2010) ‘Penampilan Pertumbuhan Ayam Persilangan Kampung dan Bangkok’, Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan, 5(2), pp. 77–81.
Roreng, M. K., Palupi, N. S. and Prangdimurti, E. (2014) ‘Carotenoids From Red Fruit (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.) Extract Are Bioavailable : A Study In Rats’, IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR), 4(2), pp. 11–16. doi: 10.9790/3013-040203011-16.
Skomorucha, I. and Sosnowka-Czajka, E. (2013) ‘Effect of water supplementation with herbal extracts on broiler chicken welfare’, Annals of Animal Science, 13(4), pp. 849–857. doi: 10.2478/aoas-2013-0057.
Sukmawati et al. (2015) ‘Penampilan dan komposisi fisik karkas ayam kampung yang diberi jus daun pepaya terfermentasi dalam ransum komersial’, Majalah Ilmu Peternakan, 18(2), pp. 39–43. Available at: https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/mip/article/view/18757.
Sulistyoningsih, M. (2004) Respon Fisiologis dan Tingkah Laku Ayam Broiler Periode Starter Akibat Cekaman Temneratur dan Awal Pemberian Pakan Yang Berbeda (Physiological and …. Tesis. Universitas Diponegoro.
Sundari et al. (2014) ‘The Effect Nanocapsule of Turmeric Extracts in Rations on Nutrient Digestibility of Broiler Chickens’, Animal Production, 16(2), pp. 107–113.
Surono, I. S. et al. (2008) ‘Indonesian Biodiversities,from Microbes to Herbal Plants as Potential Functional Foods’, Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture Shinshu University, 44(1), pp. 23–27.
Swain, P. S. et al. (2016) ‘Nano zinc , an alternative to conventional zinc as animal feed supplement : A review’, Animal Nutrition. Elsevier Ltd, 2(3), pp. 134–141. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.06.003.
Syaefullah, B. L. et al. (2019) ‘INCOME OVER FEED COST PADA AYAM KAMPUNG YANG DIBERI NANOENKAPSULASI MINYAK BUAH MERAH (Pandanus conoideus) VIA WATER INTAKE’, Jurnal Triton, 10(2), pp. 54–61. Available at: https://jurnal.polbangtanmanokwari.ac.id/index.php/jt/article/view/49.
Tao, X. and Hin, H. (2003) ‘Acute Synergistic Effects of Air Temperature , Humidity , and Velocity on Homeostasis of Market- Size Broilers’, American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 46(2), pp. 491–497.
Timur, V. et al. (2020) ‘Mortalitas dan Profil Organ Dalam Ayam Kampung yang diberi Fitobiotik Nanoenkapsulasi Minyak Buah Merah (Pandanus conoideus)’, Jurnal Triton, 11(1), pp. 16–23. doi: 10.47687/jt.v11i1.104.
Triawan, A., Sudrajat, D. and Anggraeni (2013) ‘Performa Ayam Broiler Yang Diberi Ransum Mengandung Neraca Kation Anion Ransum Yang Berbeda’, Jurnal Pertanian, 4(2), pp. 73–81.
Windisch, W. et al. (2008) ‘Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry’, Journal of Animal Science, 86(14), pp. E140–E148. doi: 10.2527/jas.2007-0459.
Winedar, H., Listyawati, S. and Sutarno (2006) ‘Daya Cerna Protein Pakan , Kandungan Protein Daging , dan Pertambahan Berat Badan Ayam Broiler setelah Pemberian Pakan yang Difermentasi dengan Effective Microorganisms-4 ( EM-4 )’, Bioteknologi, 3(1), pp. 14–19. doi: 10.13057/biotek/c030103.
Woro, I. D., Atmomarsono, U. and Muryani, R. (2019) ‘Pengaruh Pemeliharaan pada Kepadatan Kandang yang Berbeda Terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler’, Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia, 14(4), pp. 418–423. doi: 10.31186/jspi.id.14.4.418-423.
Yuliana, Nuraini and Indi, A. (2017) ‘Penampilan Produksi Ayam Kampung yang Diberi Jamu Ternak Melalui Air Minum’, Jitro, 4(2), pp. 25–32.
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