Conflicts of Interest and Funding Disclosure Policy

The Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (JIPVET) requires transparency concerning financial and non-financial interests that may influence, or reasonably be perceived to influence, the conduct, evaluation, interpretation, or publication of research.

Authors, reviewers, editors, editorial board members, and the publisher share responsibility for identifying and managing relevant competing interests.

JIPVET also requires transparent disclosure of financial and material support received for research and manuscript preparation. Such disclosures allow readers to understand the relationships and resources associated with published work.

The existence of a competing interest does not necessarily indicate inappropriate conduct. Transparency, appropriate management, and independent editorial judgment are essential to maintaining confidence in the scholarly record.

1. Definition and Scope of Conflicts of Interest

A conflict of interest, also referred to as a competing interest, arises when a financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other interest could influence, or reasonably appear to influence, an individual's scientific or editorial judgment.

Relevant interests may include:

• Financial interests: Employment, consultancy payments, honoraria, advisory roles, stock ownership, royalties, patents, licensing arrangements, or other financial relationships.
• Professional interests: Research collaborations, academic competition, supervisory relationships, or professional responsibilities that may affect impartiality.
• Personal interests: Close personal relationships, family connections, or circumstances that may compromise independent professional judgment.
• Institutional interests: Organizational relationships, contractual arrangements, institutional financial interests, or competing responsibilities.
• Intellectual or other interests: Strongly held positions, advocacy roles, or other commitments that may materially affect the objective assessment of research.

In animal and veterinary science, potentially relevant relationships may involve pharmaceutical manufacturers, veterinary product suppliers, animal feed companies, livestock breeding enterprises, diagnostic service providers, biotechnology companies, and other organizations with interests in the study outcomes.

Not every relationship constitutes a disqualifying conflict. Its relevance depends on the circumstances, the individual's responsibilities, and the relationship to the research or manuscript being evaluated.

2. Authors' Disclosure Responsibilities

All authors must disclose relevant financial and non-financial relationships that could affect, or be perceived to affect, their work.

Disclosures must cover relationships relevant to the study, including interests that extend beyond the direct funding of the research.

Authors are expected to:

• Identify financial relationships relevant to the research topic, methods, products, or conclusions.
• Disclose relevant employment, consultancy, advisory, intellectual property, and commercial interests.
• Identify relevant professional, personal, or institutional relationships.
• Disclose financial and material support received for conducting the research or preparing the manuscript.
• Inform the editorial office about changes in relevant interests during manuscript assessment or publication.
• Provide accurate and complete declarations approved by the author group.

The corresponding author is responsible for collecting the necessary disclosures from all co-authors and ensuring that the submitted declaration reflects their individual circumstances.

Where no relevant competing interests exist, authors must provide an explicit statement declaring that they have no competing interests.

Disclosure does not automatically disqualify a manuscript from editorial consideration.

3. Funding and Research Support Disclosure

JIPVET requires authors to identify financial and material support directly associated with the research reported in the manuscript.

Relevant support may include:

• Competitive research grants from public or private agencies.
• Research funding provided by universities or research institutions.
• Commercial or industry sponsorship.
• Financial assistance provided by foundations, nonprofit organizations, or professional bodies.
• Donated research materials, feed, veterinary products, laboratory reagents, or equipment.
• Sponsored laboratory analyses, technical services, fieldwork, or data-processing assistance.
• Financial support specifically provided for manuscript preparation or publication.

The funding declaration should identify the funding organization, the relevant grant or award number where one exists, and the nature of the support provided.

Support for an individual author's participation should be distinguished from funding provided for the research project as a whole.

Routine institutional resources should not be misrepresented as a specific research grant. However, institutional or material support directly facilitating the reported study should be acknowledged as appropriate.

Where the research received no specific financial support, this must be stated explicitly.

A funding declaration and a competing interests declaration serve different purposes. Both must be provided as separate statements.

4. Role of Funders and Sponsors

Authors must explain the involvement of funders or sponsors in the research and publication process.

Where relevant, the declaration must identify whether the funder or sponsor participated in:

• Development of the research question or study design.
• Selection of research sites, animals, samples, or treatments.
• Collection, management, or analysis of research data.
• Interpretation of findings.
• Preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript.
• Decisions concerning manuscript submission or publication.

Where funders or sponsors had no involvement in these activities, authors should state this clearly.

Research sponsorship must not compromise the authors' ability to examine the relevant data, conduct appropriate analyses, interpret findings independently, or report results accurately.

Authors must disclose contractual restrictions that could affect access to research data, scientific interpretation, or freedom to publish.

When a funder has a financial or proprietary interest in the research outcome, editors may request additional information concerning author access to data and independence of analysis.

Financial support does not establish scientific validity. Sponsored research remains subject to JIPVET's normal editorial and peer-review procedures.

5. Conflicts of Interest Involving Peer Reviewers

Peer reviewers must disclose relevant competing interests before accepting an assignment.

Reviewers should inform the handling editor of relationships or circumstances that could impair their independent assessment of a manuscript.

Potential conflicts may include recent research collaboration, direct professional competition, relevant financial interests, close personal relationships, or involvement in the research being evaluated.

Reviewers must decline an invitation when a significant conflict prevents an impartial scientific assessment.

Where the relevance of a potential conflict is uncertain, the reviewer must disclose the circumstances and obtain the editor's determination before proceeding.

If a conflict becomes apparent after review has begun, the reviewer must notify the editor promptly.

Reviewers must not use confidential information obtained through peer review for personal, commercial, or professional advantage.

Detailed reviewer responsibilities are provided in JIPVET's Reviewer Responsibilities and Confidentiality Policy.

6. Conflicts of Interest Involving Editors and Editorial Board Members

Editors must maintain independence and impartiality when handling manuscripts and making editorial decisions.

Editors, Section Editors, Editorial Board members, and other personnel involved in editorial evaluation must disclose relevant conflicts of interest.

A conflicted editor must not control reviewer selection, confidential evaluation, or publication decisions concerning the manuscript.

Editorial responsibility must be transferred to an appropriately authorized, unconflicted editor.

Manuscripts submitted by the Editor-in-Chief, editorial board members, or journal staff must not receive preferential treatment.

An editor who is an author or co-author of a manuscript must not manage its review or determine its publication outcome.

Relevant professional, institutional, financial, and personal relationships must be considered when assigning editorial duties.

These requirements also apply to guest editors and other individuals temporarily exercising editorial authority.

7. Publisher, Journal, and Institutional Interests

JIPVET is published by Universitas Papua. The publisher supports the journal's administrative and publishing activities.

Institutional affiliation, financial arrangements, sponsorships, and other publisher interests must not improperly influence editorial decisions.

Acceptance, revision, or rejection of manuscripts must be determined by scientific merit and applicable editorial and ethical standards.

Article processing charges, publication payments, or fee-waiver decisions must not influence manuscript assessment.

Editorial personnel must not receive article-specific financial incentives linked to manuscript acceptance decisions.

Commercial sponsorship, advertising, institutional partnerships, or other revenue arrangements must remain separate from scientific and editorial evaluation.

Where a relevant relationship between the journal, publisher, and an interested organization could compromise editorial independence, appropriate disclosure and safeguards are required.

8. Timing and Updating Disclosures

Relevant disclosures must be provided during manuscript submission and kept accurate throughout editorial assessment and publication.

Authors must update their declarations when a new relevant relationship emerges or when previously reported information becomes inaccurate.

Reviewers must disclose competing interests when invited to review and whenever a new concern arises during assessment.

Editors must identify relevant conflicts before accepting responsibility for a manuscript and report new conflicts without delay.

Where relevant changes arise after manuscript acceptance but before publication, the published declarations must be updated.

Authors must also notify the journal if they identify an important omission or error in a disclosure after publication.

9. Editorial Assessment and Management of Competing Interests

The handling editor assesses declared interests according to their relevance, seriousness, and potential effect on scientific or editorial independence.

Appropriate management measures may include:

• Requesting clarification or additional disclosure from an author.
• Reassigning a manuscript to an unconflicted editor.
• Declining or replacing a reviewer with a significant conflict.
• Seeking independent specialist assessment where justified.
• Requesting information concerning sponsor involvement or access to research data.
• Requiring an appropriate competing interests statement in the published article.

The existence of a disclosed interest does not automatically establish bias or misconduct.

Editors should determine whether the conflict can be managed appropriately without compromising scientific evaluation.

A manuscript may require further assessment when an unresolved conflict raises substantive concerns about the independence or reliability of the work.

Editorial decisions must remain consistent with JIPVET's Peer Review Policy and Editorial Decision-Making and Independence Policy.

10. Undisclosed Interests and Post-Publication Concerns

If a potentially relevant competing interest is identified after submission or publication, the journal may request an explanation and supporting information from the parties concerned.

The editor considers whether the omission was material and whether it affected the integrity of research reporting, peer review, or editorial decision-making.

Possible actions include:

• Updating an incomplete disclosure before publication.
• Reassessing an editorial decision affected by an unmanaged conflict.
• Publishing a correction to an inaccurate or incomplete disclosure.
• Seeking further institutional information when necessary.
• Taking additional publication integrity action when supported by the evidence.

A missing disclosure does not automatically establish that the research findings are unreliable. Any corrective action must be proportionate to the nature and consequences of the concern.

Deliberate concealment of significant interests or manipulation of editorial procedures may be considered under the journal's Publication Ethics and Research Misconduct Policy.

11. Published Disclosure Statements

Manuscripts must include separate declarations addressing competing interests and research funding or support.

Authors should use accurate statements appropriate to their actual circumstances. The following examples illustrate acceptable reporting formats.

A. No Competing Interests

Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.

B. Declared Competing Interests

Competing Interests: [AUTHOR INITIALS] reports [DESCRIPTION OF RELEVANT FINANCIAL OR NON-FINANCIAL RELATIONSHIP] with [ORGANIZATION]. The other authors declare [ACTUAL DISCLOSURE STATUS].

C. Research Funding

Funding: This research was supported by [FUNDING ORGANIZATION] under grant number [GRANT NUMBER, IF ISSUED].

D. No Specific Research Funding

Funding: This research received no specific financial support from public, commercial, or not-for-profit funding organizations.

E. Role of the Funder

Role of the Funder: [FUNDING ORGANIZATION] was involved in [SPECIFY ACTUAL ACTIVITIES]. The authors retained [DESCRIBE ACTUAL LEVEL OF CONTROL OVER DATA ANALYSIS, INTERPRETATION, AND PUBLICATION DECISIONS].

These examples are provided for guidance only. Authors must not use declarations that do not accurately describe their circumstances.

Where research received material support without a financial grant, the nature and provider of that support should be stated clearly.

12. Confidentiality, Appeals, and Related Guidance

Information provided during the assessment of competing interests must be handled with appropriate confidentiality.

Information necessary to inform readers about relevant competing interests may be included in the published article. Other personal or sensitive information must be handled according to legitimate editorial and legal requirements.

Authors or other parties who believe that a conflict-of-interest determination involved a material procedural error may raise the concern under JIPVET's Complaints and Appeals Policy.