Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science)

Stochastic frontier modelling of technical efficiency and input elasticities in independent broiler production systems in Sorong Regency, Indonesia

Salmon Lokden — 2025-12-12

This study assessed the production performance and technical efficiency of independent broiler farmers in Sorong Regency, Indonesia, using a stochastic frontier framework. The objective of the research is to quantify the influence of major production inputs on output, estimate technical efficiency levels, and evaluate the extent to which inefficiency contributes to variations in broiler performance under open-house production conditions. Primary data were collected from active broiler farmers and analyzed using a Cobb–Douglas stochastic frontier production function estimated through maximum likelihood procedures to obtain input elasticities and individual efficiency scores. The results indicated that broiler production performed competitively, with a performance index of 456, low mortality, and an efficient feed conversion ratio. The production frontier estimation showed that day-old chicks and feed were the dominant determinants of output, while medication, electricity, and fuel inputs did not exert statistically significant effects. Average technical efficiency reached 0.89, with 86.6 percent of farmers operating at high-efficiency levels. The gamma parameter of 0.83 indicated that most output variation stemmed from technical inefficiency rather than random disturbances, underscoring the relevance of managerial capacity in shaping production outcomes. The study concludes that improving the quality of biological inputs and strengthening managerial practices is essential for sustaining productivity among independent broiler farmers. The findings provide empirical guidance for technical training programs, input quality improvement, and targeted interventions to enhance production efficiency in eastern Indonesia.

The effect of adding angkak as a substitute for saltpeter in the production of se'i beef with different storage durations

Bastari Sabtu — 2025-12-12

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological quality of beef se’i produced with angkak extract as a natural saltpeter substitute at different storage durations. A factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was applied, consisting of five angkak concentrations (0%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%) and four storage durations (3, 5, 7, and 9 days). The measured variables included pH, total plate count (TPC), presence of Escherichia coli, and color characteristics. Data on pH and TPC were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test, color evaluation used the Kruskal–Wallis test, and E. coli was analyzed qualitatively. The interaction between angkak concentration and storage duration significantly affected pH, TPC, and color (P < 0.05) and suppressed E. coli growth. Increasing angkak levels and longer storage duration resulted in higher pH values and lower bacterial counts, indicating better preservation potential. Color scores decreased with higher angkak concentrations and longer storage time, although acceptable sensory characteristics were maintained until the fifth day of storage. No E. coli contamination was detected in any treatment. In conclusion, angkak extract shows promising potential as a natural alternative to saltpeter in the production of beef se’i, improving preservation, controlling microbial growth, and maintaining acceptable product quality.

Identification types and nutritional composition of traditional pig feed in rural areas of Timor Island and its influence on production efficiency

Ni N. Suryani — 2025-12-12

The use of traditional feed depends on the location of pig production. Information regarding traditional ration variations and nutritional content is not yet available, especially in rural areas of Timor Island. This research aims to identify the types and nutritional composition of traditional feeds used in rural pig rearing and to analyze their effects on production efficiency. The study was conducted in four villages in Taebenu District, Kupang Regency. This research used a descriptive observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out to provide an overview of the types of traditional feed used, their nutritional composition, and their relationship to production efficiency. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively to describe the distribution of feed types and their nutritional composition; Pearson correlation tests and linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationships and their influence on production efficiency. The results of the research show that the composition of traditional feed across the four sampling locations is generally not much different and is highly diverse, which affects the diversity of its nutritional value. In this study, there was a positive correlation between nutrition and body weight gain and feed conversion. At the same time, regression analysis showed that crude protein and metabolic energy were the main factors that increased production efficiency. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that variations in local feed types result in differences in nutritional composition. The results of correlation analysis show that feed composition has a significant influence on the growth and production efficiency of pigs, crude protein and energy metabolism have a positive relationship with body weight gain and negative with feed conversion, while crude fiber has the opposite effect, regression analysis shows that crude protein and metabolic energy are the main factors that increase production efficiency, while crude fiber interferes with livestock performance.

The influence of the addition of granulated sugar on the organoleptic quality of dendeng ground meet deer (Cervus timorensis)

Daniel Y. Seseray — 2025-12-12

This study evaluated sucrose at concentrations of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% (w/w) in ground deer meat dendeng (DGDR) to inform SME-oriented formulation. The products were dried at 60°C for 24 hours. They were then assessed by 30 semi-trained panelists (1–5 hedonic) in a within-panelist repeated-measures design. Ordinal data were analyzed using a Friedman omnibus test with Holm-adjusted Wilcoxon signed-rank comparisons. Results are reported as medians. The color increased significantly at ≥10% compared to 0%. Taste improved with sugar, producing a smoother sweet–spice balance. Aroma remained characteristic across levels. Tenderness showed a non‑significant softening at ≥15%. Overall acceptability increased with sugar, with 10–20% exceeding the control (p < 0.05). Five percent showed a trend upward, indicating an early plateau at 5% or higher. Sucrose thus functions as a practical lever to elevate appearance and liking without compromising aroma under the specified process. A formulation of 12–15% is recommended as the default. Levels of 15–20% suit markets seeking darker colors and slightly sweeter profiles. Future work should pair hedonic outcomes with instrumental measurements of color, texture, and volatility. It should also include shelf-life studies and evaluate clean-label preservation options or partial sucrose substitution.

The effect of addition of methionine and lysine in rations containing fermented palm kernel cake on broiler protein efficiency ratio

M. Alfarizi — 2025-12-12

This study aims to determine the effect of methionine and lysine supplementation in rations containing fermented palm kernel cake inoculated with Bacillus cereus V9 on the Protein Efficiency Ratio. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications. The treatments in this study were different levels of methionine and lysine administration in rations containing fermented palm kernel cake. Treatment P0 = is a control ration (RK), namely a ration containing fermented palm kernel cake without the addition of methionine and lysine. P1 = RK + 0.25% lysine and 0.25% Methionine, P2 = RK + 0.5% lysine and 0.25% Methionine, P3 = RK + 0.25% lysine and 0.5% Methionine and P4 = RK + 0.5% lysine and 0.5% Methionine. Observed variables are Feed Consumption, Body Weight Gain, Protein Consumption, and Protein Efficiency Ratio. Data were processed using analysis of variance with Duncan's advanced test. The results of the study showed that the addition of methionine and lysine to rations containing fermented palm kernel meal did not significantly affect (P > 0.05) feed consumption, but significantly affected (P < 0.05) protein consumption, body weight gain, and protein efficiency ratio. The addition of 0.5% methionine and lysine can increase body weight gain, protein intake, and protein efficiency ratio. This study concludes that the addition of 0.5% methionine and 0.5% lysine to rations containing fermented palm kernel meal by Bacillus cereus V9 can increase the protein efficiency ratio.

Nematodiasis in laying ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) at different age groups

Intania N. Khasanah — 2025-12-12

Nematodiasis remains a critical parasitic disease affecting the gastrointestinal health and productivity of laying ducks. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of nematode infections at different ages in laying ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). A total of 100 intensively managed local ducks were used, comprising 50 young ducks (2.5–5 months) and 50 adults (7 months–1 year). Fecal samples were analyzed using the modified Whitlock flotation technique. Descriptive analysis and Chi-square statistical testing were performed using SPSS software. The overall occurrence of nematodiasis was 37% (37/100), with Capillaria sp. being the most frequently detected species (24%), followed by Strongyloides sp. (19%) and Ascaridia sp. (1%). Single-species infections predominated (81.1%), while mixed-species infections accounted for 18.9% of positive cases. Eggs per gram (EPG) values varied among age groups but were consistently within the mild infection range. Statistical analysis revealed a significant association between age group and infection occurrence (p<0,05), indicating that younger ducks are at higher risk of nematode infection. These findings highlight the importance of age-specific parasite control strategies to enhance flock health and productivity in laying duck operations.

Feeding management practices and forage utilization in smallholder goat farming in Oransbari District, Papua Barat

Ribka H. Sellau — 2025-12-12

Smallholder goat production in remote regions of eastern Indonesia still relies mainly on traditional feeding practices that may limit animal performance. This study aimed to describe feed management and forage utilization by smallholder goat farmers in Oransbari District, South Manokwari Regency, West Papua, Indonesia. A descriptive case-study design was applied with 28 purposively selected farmers. Primary data were collected through field observations of available forage, semi-structured interviews on feeding practices, daily weighing of fresh forage offered by growth class, and laboratory analysis of representative forage samples for crude protein, crude fiber, and minerals. Most farmers were of productive age but had low to medium levels of formal education, and feeding decisions were driven mainly by experience and seasonal forage availability rather than by explicit nutritional planning. Adult goats typically received 2–4% of live weight as fresh forage per day, while kids and growers received approximately 1–6%, with rations dominated by Napier grass supplemented with legumes, sweet potato vines, and agricultural by-products. Forage analysis confirmed that the inclusion of legumes substantially increased dietary protein, whereas practices such as wilting and systematic forage conservation were rarely applied. These findings highlight the need for targeted training on nutrition-based rationing, forage conservation, and strategic use of crop residues to improve feed efficiency, animal health, and the sustainability of smallholder goat systems in Oransbari.